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"Women are opening gradually spaces "

Monica Chuji

ECUADOR

Interview with indigenous leaders

"Women are gradually opening up spaces" Monica Chuji Gualinga is a leading Amazonian indigenous Quechua, born in 1973 in Sarayaku, Pastaza Province, Ecuador. Is a social communicator, trained in human rights and peoples' rights in the Indian Education Program of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Geneva, Switzerland, and Institute of Human Rights Pedro Arrupe, University Deusto, Bilbao, Spain, 2002. constituent assembly was in the process of drafting the Constitution of Ecuador of 2008 and general secretary of the Government Communication Rafael Correa at the beginning of his mandate. Foundation currently manages Tukuishimi (All Vocals) and is an active militant of the Federation of Kichwa Sucumbios and the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador (CONAIE). In this interview, granted to our correspondent Luis Angel Saavedra , Chuji reflects on the participation of indigenous women as leaders within and outside their communities. Has there been in recent years a change in the role of indigenous women within communities? Have managed to open spaces for leadership? still assuming the same role in the family, at home, in the cultural life of the community, but now have aspirations to play an important role in the change of life, to contribute to the strengthening of organizations. There is some increase in young women, new teammates who begin to assume the organizational role but, again, this does not mean they have abandoned their role in the family. More likely [to assume leadership roles] are women without children, who have separated or who are unmarried women who are with his family, who are married, they are always difficult and not have a continuum of participation, spend time in the leadership, as vice presidents in some cases, or as leaders of human rights or women, but disappear after that time because once again return to the community, to your home. Does joining the leadership has led to advances in these women, or even have marginal roles and can not affect the overall vision of the leadership? active participation, the opinions of women themselves in decisions that affect community and organizational decisions. However, there is still a wide margin of incidence. If an overall assessment is that there is a change in the partners; often considered and have more confidence in the leadership put a woman more than a companion. They say a woman president in the community is much more effective in question, in relation with the authorities, with the organization itself and with some colleagues who sometimes become irresponsible. There are women in regional and national level have been very active and they serve as examples for co-base. They are trying by all means and space to become more visible and be much more active in organizations. But ask yourself: How many of them have a level of impact? How many of them are much more active? How many of them have a level of! and discuss with leaders beat men? I believe that indeed, in the few women quantitatively speaking, there is a positive experience, women are gradually opening up spaces. And outside of their communities are achieving positions of leadership, how this has been going and what challenges? Women who in some way or another have had some training or are the product of processes of training, within or outside the country, looking for areas where they receive a payment or remuneration for their work. It is a challenge for our organizations to open up new initiatives to integrate women have been formed, women techniques to professionals. What is missing now is that the leaders, the councils of government, begin to attract them to call and open up new areas of work, make strategic alliances, training agreements with other NGOs to work according to actual needs the organization [indigenous]. The most obvious would be that people who belong to an organization [indigenous], formed, trained and has experience, return to the organization, but the problem is back and the organization has no resources, no new projects has been established , new programs, did not open other spaces! to exercise. There is also a responsibility women, in this case, they can also, with his experience, go to communities and support with ideas and new initiatives. That's what stewardship. why women who have gone through the leadership, for example, by the governing councils of the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador (CONAIE), have achieved a position publicly? For the Amazon, in contrast to the coast and mountains, there are many more women running local and provincial organizations. However, the difference is that these women have very little visibility, and one of the factors has to do with the issue of distance, where information is generated and how much impact can be nationwide. In the case of [the eastern province of] Orellana, for example, we have the president of the provincial organization that is one of the most active, with spokesperson, generating view, proposing, we have a fellow Member Shuar, for example, that the last time has been very active. Has a lot to see the level of responsibility, and trust also that they are taking at this age level male leaders. In the case of the mountain, there is an opening to give spokesperson for women or entrust any public performance. In the case of Amazonia, is much more limited that, and can! do speak from personal experience, because I still believe in the Amazon, despite having an experience, [women] are not yet ready to take on regional representation or to assume a public spokesperson. Still has much to do with the resistance of certain leaders. How women become visible in the areas of international engagement with the Indians? There are few other women who have assumed a role at international level. That all spaces are dominated by men, experts in different subjects and some women, few have taken a more visible role. Are the same women who, at national, have had some level of participation, are those that transcend international level and therefore can not expect a change of roles or a much higher level of participation of women. But what I can say is that the few who are participating have a fairly active role and that is positive, a much more proactive role, beyond the typical speech you go and listen within the United Nations. The new proposals are companions and more realistic, with reflections on the realities they see in their country, with national proposals with the potential to make deals with women's networks in other continents, other countries, and this stronger. Following internationally, what are the proposals or anything that could encourage the participation of women in the field dirigencial? The international arena has largely been left by the organizations, and women who have gone to these places are companions who assume some leadership at the national level, but not women who take a regional level, and less provincial. What is needed there, for example, train them, give them a basic overview of what is discussed at the international level, for example, that we are not detached from all international politics, that what happens outside the country has national incidence. National issues and proposals must be brought to international level. This strengthens the organization and, obviously, allows women to have other experiences, best practices, with women from other continents, other countries that can serve at one time women, nationally, regionally, or in the community. -Latinamerica.

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ECUADOR: Assemblyman referred to the Mining Act



Cléver Jimenez, Assemblyman for the province of Zamora Chinchipe, states that the current mining law, evade responsibility State in terms of policies and measures to prevent the impending environmental impacts, leading to more than implicit punishment, the obligation of the mining company to restore ecosystems and compensate individuals and communities affected by the operation mining.
Assemblyman referred to the four elements of the proposal to reform the Mining Law. Complying with the provisions of the Article 316 of the Constitution, removed the assignment of mining concessions, and is replaced by the "delegation of the mining area" to avoid the business being done with our natural resources. The

proposal suggests the creation of a guarantee of 10 percent of proven mineral reserves, which should give mining companies the Ecuadorian State, in order to ensure the care of the environment.
"The holders of mining rights, prior to the initiation of mining activities, smelting and refining of minerals, will yield financial guarantee sufficient to cover the costs of recovery and preservation of the environment and its natural components" said

An additional point and most important, said Jimenez is to avoid what happened in the oil industry, since in their forties operation in practice has meant the enrichment of a few "live" at the expense of the impoverishment of millions of Ecuadorians.

states that economic resources, mining products, are used exclusively for education, health, agriculture and livestock production, industry, micro enterprises and roads, the aim is that the financial resources, product the exploitation of our minerals, generate new ways of life for all and all Ecuadorians and thus achieve true development.

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Ecuador. Water is a human right not a business

05/15/1910
For Alberto Acosta

water can not be seen as a business. Water is a fundamental human right. So the Constitution is not confined solely to prevent the privatization of water, but was expressly to promote the de-privatization of water. It follows the ban on any sales of rights or permission to use, not to mention concessions that lead to hoarding of water by the few at the expense of the majority. Currently, the water law becomes, paradoxically, waters in the final part of the "citizen's revolution." Here you will choose the positions. There is no alternative to compliance with the Constitution. Unable to reach agreements that violate the Constitution.

The human right to water is fundamental and indispensable. Water is a strategic national assets for public use, inalienable, indefeasible, indefeasible, and essential for life. Montecristi Constitution, Article 12, 2008

One of the points where they are most advanced in the Assembly Constituent Montecristi was related to water treatment and water resources. In fact, the achievements in this field led many people decided to vote for YES in the referendum of September 28, 2008, which was overwhelmingly approved the new constitution.

Currently, the Water Law will become, paradoxically, in the final groundbreaking of the "citizen's revolution." Here you will choose the positions. There is no alternative to compliance with the Constitution. Unable to reach agreements that violate the Constitution.

As in these days when discusses the water resources law, in and out of Montecristi, there appeared those defending water as a fundamental human right and those acting for their interests. Remember

INTERAGUA pressure, the company that privatized water services in Guayaquil, who has won in recent days extension was granted against the negative results of the audit by the Comptroller General. His interests were defended by their own representatives, who roamed the halls permanently Constituent Assembly, and even a couple of assemblymen from the ruling movement and a senior government official President Rafael Correa. These groups attempted to seek a sustained only in the "right to water", to leave the door open to commodification, ie privatization. And everything indicates that these groups are those that have led to the extension of the concession even before passage of the law on water.

But in Montecristi, in the end, with a large majority won the thesis of life. Water can not be seen as a business. Water is a fundamental human right. So the Constitution is not confined solely to prevent the privatization of water, but was expressly to promote the de-privatization of water. It follows the ban on any sales of rights or permission to use, not to mention concessions that lead to hoarding of water by the few at the expense of the majority.

For this achievement, as happens now, it had a high participation and mobilization of society, particularly the indigenous and peasant movement, fiercely united in defense of water. This presence and this contribution was substantial. Without minimizing the work of many assembly members should be noted that the contribution of civil society organizations for many years committed to the defense of water as Ecuarunari, CONAIE Fenocein, Water Forum, among others, helped to consolidate a strong position.

concentration, misuse and pollution

Ecuador is a country with enough water in national terms and four times more surface water than the average world per capita. But the problem is that it is poorly distributed, which increases pollution and destroy the sources of an accelerated manner.

water concentration in few hands is remarkable. The state through concessions has delivered 64,300 2,240 m3 / s of water flow in reality than the appropriation misuse of the vital liquid.

Two thirds of this flow (74.28%) were recorded in the electricity subsector, with 147 concessions. Irrigation with 31,519 grants represents 49.03% of the total, ie 19.65% of rate. Concessions for domestic water use are numerous, 21,281 (33.1%), but account for only 1.22% of rate concession.

Many large companies, such as banana, sugar plantations and shrimp farms, paid paltry sums for water used. The farmers who grow rice in the province of Guayas, for example, pay a value 120-fold over access to water that San Carlos charged wit or banana Reybanpac; Toacazo farmers in the province of Cotopaxi and pay 52 times that of Lyctus in the province of Chimborazo pay 35 times more. Besides these large companies benefit from water obtained outside the laws. And there is certainly missed concessions, for speculative purposes are the order of the day.

The concentration of water in agriculture is evident. The rural population, mostly indigenous, communal irrigation systems, representing 86% of users. However, this group just has 22% of the irrigated area to access just 13% of the flow. While large consumers not represent 1% of production units, account for 67% of the flow. Unequal access to these resources is a determining cause of social inequality. And, in turn, explaining the hegemonic political power.

In the field of agriculture, water use is concentrated in the agricultural export sector. Exports have a higher content of irrigation water for food production for the domestic market. It should be noted that food production for domestic consumption has weakened and the country became even importing some of them.

water consumption (and indeed pollution of it) grew by population growth in recent decades and also by the increase in productive activities too demanding of water, especially those oriented to the external market.

The loss of grasslands and increasing deforestation explain this complex reality, while the process of silting of the rivers on the coast as a result of the continuing erosion in the mountains and foothills, here we are, while Another explanation for the repeated flooding on the coast. Also have not addressed the serious problems of water pollution management activity caused by oil extraction and management waste in the Amazon region.

One of the fundamental tensions of the current situation is intended to allow mining activities which consume large amounts of water. This is a crucial issue, since the large-scale mining would cause permanent conflicts over water availability and contaminate the vital fluid, causing damages to food sovereignty.

Studies show that the pollution caused by mining existing dangerously extends the Ecuadorian coast, even in northern Peru. Part of the banana plantations in Ecuador would be contaminated by mercury and other elements. This pollution also affect cocoa plantations and aquaculture. Even be at risk from water sources used to supply the vital liquid purifier in the city of Guayaquil.

Water as a human right, a historic step

To address these distortions, the Constitution is absolute. In particular, Article 12, it was determined that "the human right to water is fundamental and indispensable. Water is a strategic national assets for public use, inalienable, inalienable, indefeasible, and essential for life. "

Consistent with this constitutional definition, from the outset, in Article 3 of the Constitution was established as the first primary duty of the State" without any discrimination, the effective enjoyment of rights enshrined in the Constitution and international instruments, in particular education, health, nutrition, social security and water for its inhabitants. "

From that initial definition, in the plenary of the Constituent Assembly in Montecristi adopted three key points:

1. Water is a human right,

2. Water is a strategic national asset for public use,

Water is a company's assets and

3. Water is an essential component of nature, it has inherent rights to exist and maintain their life cycles.

The significance of constitutional provisions is manifold.

- As human right surpassing the commercial vision of the water and retrieved the "user", ie the citizen and the citizen, instead of "client" referred only to those who can pay.

- As strategic national asset, the recovery of the state's role in the provision of water services; paper on which the state can be very efficient.

- As heritage is thought in the long run, releasing water shortsighted market pressures and speculation.

- And as part of Nature, was recognized in the Constitution of Montecristi the importance of water as essential to the life of all species, to point beyond the laws of nature.

Water as a right in a Multinational state and intercultural

recognition of Ecuador as a multinational state and intercultural was not an accidental or a little thought. Arose from the finding that only in the recognition of diversity, the historical injustice to indigenous peoples and our diverse origin can build an inclusive. One of the areas in which the plurality is just makes more sense in the handling, care and responsibility towards the water, which means solving the hoarding of water, privatization and de-privatization necessary.

Additionally, it is essential to rescue all cultural potential of the indigenous peoples and nationalities, depositors ancestral practices and mechanisms, many of them ancient, for sustainable water management. His expertise in this area are rough. In that sense, it is essential for their active and direct participation in all instances involving the management and control of vital fluid, starting with the Multinational Water Council. Particularly

Indians and peasants, who were key players in the constitutional debate and even before, have done a thorough monitoring of all water bills, which have been discussed since the end of the Constitution. With this new water law, They play key issues for the social, cultural and economic life itself. While city dwellers have diverged somewhat from this very vital, are the peasants and indigenous people who once again mobilized for the benefit of society.

To meet the constitutional mandate is not enough to close the door to further privatization. We must reverse all existing privatization. This involves the redistribution of water that is currently monopolized by a few people. The Constitution has, therefore, Article 281, paragraph 4: "To promote redistributive policies that allow the access of peasants to land, water and other productive resources. "

Additionally, Article 282," prohibiting the large estates and the concentration of land and hoarding or privatization of water and its sources. The State shall regulate the use and management of irrigation water for food production, under the principles of equity, efficiency and environmental sustainability. "

assumed control Redistribution and decision of those who have also built systems irrigation, they have been handled. This conclusion extends to all communities that conserve mangrove forests and moors, ie those recovery sites of the water cycle. Additionally

should be established in the new legal framework clear and precise mechanisms that prevent water pollution, while applicable to the remediation of contaminated water sources. The water law should prohibit mining activities around water sources and should also lead to anyone interested in mineral resources that, in advance, show that similar operations have been handled without contamination of water during operation and up to least ten years after the closure of mines.

To achieve were placed in Montecristi audit tools such as water and especially a number of key principles as the plurality, the Good Life or sumak kawsay, the laws of nature.

Some non-negotiable points

From the above clear conclusions emerge. Not enough that the current water bill is better than previously presented by the government, through the SENAGUA. Without denying the progress made thanks to the mobilization and popular pressure, there were these critical points to be solved:

1. The law must guarantee the validity of fundamental principle in all aspects: water is a fundamental human right. Water is life, not a place to do business.

2. The new law must ensure the Rights of Nature. You can not allow any productive endanger the existence, maintenance and regeneration of the life cycles of water. The water pollution is not the mandate.

3. This law shall guarantee the exercise of the plurality. All peoples, both indigenous and Afro-Ecuadorian montubios, cholos and mestizos should see their rights guaranteed in the new legal framework. Everyone must participate effectively in the management and and the resolution of existing conflicts over the use, management and safeguarding of water.

4. Water management must be held by public and community, as mandated by the Constitution. This means that the authority only viable water and ensure the effective participation of all people, communities, peoples and nations in the formulation, implementation, evaluation and control of public policies related to water.

5. Not enough to prevent future privatization. It should prompt the immediate de-privatization of water. It is intolerable extension of the concession to INTERAGUA; it has to be reversed. You have to backtrack on concessions for bottled water and hot springs, finding answers that engage communities in their use. It is essential to prevent the hoarding of water in a few hands, redistribution should be an immediate task.

6. It should be absolutely forbidden any form of environmental services on water and all ecosystems, as mandated by the Constitution of Montecristi. This option would merely serve to cover up the privatization process of the moors, forests, wetlands, swamps, ie water sources.

7. Ensure minimal free life for all inhabitants of the country without discrimination is one of the key points that will have to incorporate the new law. This, however, does not mean it should be considered different tariffs for water consumption, then one should be the cost of water for productive activity related to food sovereignty and a much higher for recreational activity, a cost to growing potatoes and another to irrigate a golf course, for example.

8. The law should be clearly stated priority of water use: 1) to humans, 2) for food sovereignty, 3) to secure the cycle vital water and 4) for productive activities. At this point it should also safeguard the life of all things, since large-scale metal mining and open pit, to cite just one instance, looms as the next great source of water pollution, as is the case today with oil.

9. The law should promote a model of efficient water management, which just recover and develop models for the conservation of water sources and courses that directly involve organized citizens in the countryside and cities, and above all reaffirm the sovereignty. This entails overcoming the model that considers the river and the sea as sewers and rescue the values \u200b\u200bof beauty, enjoyment, care for our streams, rivers, lakes and wetlands.

10. Regain control of water by society is a basic condition for the Good Life, both in the field and in the city.

essential monitoring and mobilization

The water dispute continues. After the imposition of mining laws and food sovereignty, contrary to the Constitution, the discussion of the draft water law became a defining moment. Dar

the necessary guarantees for the country, its environment and its people have the quality and quantity of water required for today and tomorrow: that is the great challenge we have in our hands. Again

are indigenous, peasants, the inhabitants of the mangrove, youth, environmentalists, who defend the national interest, with the resource mobilization and protest. Its action should prevent the consolidation of legislation sponsored counterrevolution from within the government of President Rafael Correa, counter that threatens the Constitution. Gradually strengthen a perverse intention as to minimize through the greatest achievements laws constitutional substantive fields such as collective rights and the rights of nature. Www.ecoportal.net

Alberto Acosta is an economist in Ecuador. Professor and researcher at FLACSO. Minister of Energy and Mines, January-June 2007. President of the Constituent Assembly and Assemblyman October 2007-July 2008 .- ALAI, América Latina en Movimiento